|
|
Selected
Studies on the Release and Toxicity of Mercury from Dental
Amalgam Published in Peer Reviewed Scientific, Dental and
Medical Journals
|
(With Links to the
National Library of Medicine for Complete Abstracts and
to Order Copies of Complete Articles with Loansome Doc
in RED)
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
A.
Release of
Mercury from "Silver" Dental Amalgam
B.
Effects of Mercury Exposure Central Nervous
System
C.
Effects of Mercury Exposure on Reproduction and
Development
D.
Amalgam Mercury, Antibiotic
Resistant Bacteria and Immune System
Impairment
E.
Toxic Effects of
Mercury Released from Dental Amalgam Restorations
and Endodontic Filling Materials.
F.
Toxic Effects of Mercury on the Cardiovascular
System
 | "After review of the
scientific evidence and review of numerous studies
submitted in support of banning or upclassifying
dental restorative products containing mercury,
FDA does not find any persuasive evidence that the
physiological and psychological symptoms
attributed to amalgam fillings are caused by amalgam
fillings. Furthermore, FDA does not find any
persuasive evidence that there is any improvement
of these symptoms after removal of amalgam
fillings. Although there are studies purporting to
support the view that amalgam products pose risks
to persons beyond the small subpopulation of
hypersensitive individuals, conclusions cannot be
drawn studies because they are methodologically
flawed."
|
| It is amazing the so
many "methodologically flawed" studies
could fool the impartial reviewers and editors of
some of the finest peer reviewed, scientific and
medical journals in the world. After reading
all of the "flawed" studies below for
yourself, see if you come to the same conclusion as
the FDA regarding the safety of
mercury amalgam. |
A.
Release of Mercury from
"Silver" Dental Amalgam
(In Descending Chronological Order )
| Influence of amalgam fillings on Hg levels and
total antioxidant activity in plasma of healthy
donors. Pizzichini M, Fonzi M, Gasparoni A,
Mencarelli M, Rocchi G, Kaitsas V, Fonzi L. Bull
Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 2001
May-Sep;43(2):62-7. (11799720) |
| Mercury and selenium concentrations in maternal
and neonatal scalp hair: relationship to
amalgam-based dental treatment received during
pregnancy. Razagui IB,
Haswell SJ. Biol Trace Elem Res (2001) Jul;81(1):1-19.
(11508328) |
| Mobilization of mercury and arsenic in humans by
sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS).
Aposhian (1998). Environ. Health Perspect. 106:1017-1025.
(9703487) |
| Mercury in biological fluids after amalgam
removal. Sandborgh-Englund et al., (1998). J.
Dent. Res. 77:615-624. (9539465) |
| The absorption, blood levels, and excretion of
mercury after a single dose of mercury vapor in
humans. Sandborgh-Englund et al., (1998). Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 150:146-153.(9630463) |
| Toxicological aspects on the release and systemic
uptake of mercury from dental amalgam. Ekstrand et.
al., (1998). Eur. J. Oral Sci. 106:678-686.(9584901) |
| The influence of amalgam fillings on urinary
mercury excretion in subjects from Apulia. Soleo et.
al., (1998). G. Ital. Med. Lav. Ergon. 20:75-81.(9658238) |
| Systemic transfer of mercury from amalgam fillings
before and after cessation of emission. Halbach et.
al., (1998). Environ. Res. 77:115-123.(9600804) |
| Mercury as a potential hazard for the dental
practitioner. Kostyniak (1998). N.Y. State Dent.
J. 64:40-43.(9613096) |
| Methylmercury and inorganic mercury in
serum-correlation to fish consumption and dental
amalgam in a cohort of women born in 1922. Bergdahl
et. al., (1998). Environ. Res. 77:20-24.(9593624) |
| Mercury and dental amalgam fillings. Lygre et.
al., (1998). Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen 118:1698-1701.(9621758) |
| The absorption, blood levels, and excretion of
mercury after a single dose of mercury vapor in
humans. Sandborgh-Englund et. al., (1998). Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 150:146-153.(9630463) |
| Mercury in saliva and feces after removal of
amalgam fillings. Bjorkman et al., (1997). Toxicol.
Appl. Pharamcol. 144:156-162. (9169079) |
| Effect of Pd and In on mercury evaporation from
amalgams. Okabe et. al., (1997). Dent. Mater. J.
16:191-199. (9555257) |
| Mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings:
absorbed dose and the potential for adverse health
effects. Mackert and Berglund (1997). Crit. Rev.
Oral Biol. Med. 8:410-436.(9391753) |
| The future of dental amalgam: a review of the
literature. Part 2: Mercury exposure in dental
practice. Eley (1997). Br. Dent. J. 182:293-297.(9154707) |
| The future of dental amalgam: a review of the
literature. Part 3: Mercury exposure from amalgam
restorations in dental patients. Eley (1997). Br.
Dent. J. 182:333-338.(9175289) |
| Effect of Pd and In on mercury evaporation from
amalgams. Okabe et. al., (1997). Dent. Mater. J.
16:191-199.(9555257) |
| Patterns of mercury release from amalgam fillings
into the oral cavity. Motorkina et. al., (1997). Stomatologiia
(Mosk.) 76:9-11.(9381508) |
| Compartmental transfer of mercury released from
amalgam. Halbach et al., (1997). Hum. Exp.
Toxicol. 16:667-672. (9426369) |
| Impact of nocturnal bruxism on mercury uptake from
dental amalgams. Isacsson et. al., (1997). Eur.
J. Oral. Sci. 105:251-257.(9249192) |
| Dissolution of mercury from dental amalgam at
different pH values. Marek (1997). J. Dent. Res.
76:1308-1315.(9168865) |
| Intial mercury evaporation from amalgams made with
In-containing commercial alloys. Nakajima et. al.,
(1996). Dent. Mater. J. 15:168-174.(9550014) |
| Influence of chewing gum consumption and dental
contact of amalgam fillings to different metal
restorations on urine mercury content. Gebel and
Dunkelberg (1996). Zentralbl. Hyg. Umweltmed.
199:69-75.(9409909) |
| Long-term use of nicotine chewing gum and mercury
exposure from dental amalgam fillings. Sallsten et.
al., (1996). J. Dent. Res. 75:594-598.(8655765) |
| Mercury exposure from "silver" tooth
fillings: emerging evidence questions a traditional
paradigm. Lorscheider et al., (1995). FASEB J.
9:504-508. (7737458) |
| Mercury levels among dental personnel in Isreal: a
preliminary study. Steinberg et al., (1995). Isr.
J. Med. Sci. 31:428-432. (7607870) |
| People with high mercury uptake from their own
dental amalgam fillings. Barregard et al., (1995). Occup.
Environ. Med. 52:124-128. (7757165) |
| Sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate challenge
test for mercury in humans: II. Urinary mercury,
porphyrins and neurobehavioral changes of dental
workers in Monterrey, Mexico. Gonzalez-Ramirez et.
al., (1995). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 272:264-274.(7815341) |
| Silver concentrations in human tissues. Their
dependence on dental amalgam and other factors.
Drasch et. al., (1995). J. Trace Elem. Med.
Biol. 9:82-87.(8825980) |
| An estimation of the uptake of mercury from
amalgam fillings based on urinary excretion of
mercury in Swedish subjects. Weiner and Nylander
(1995). Sci. Total Environ. 168:255-265.
(7644912) |
| Mercury vaporization from amalgams with varied
alloy compositions. Ferrancane et. al., (1995). J.
Dent. Res. 74:1414-1417.(7560393) |
| Combined estimation of mercury species released
from amalgam. Halbach (1995). J. Dent. Res.
74:1103-1109.(7782541) |
| Estimation of mercury dose by a novel quantitation
of elemental and inorganic species released from
amalgam. Halbach (1995). Int. Arch. Occup.
Environ. Health 67:295-300.
(8543376) |
| Human exposure to mercury and silver released from
dental amalgam restorations. Skare and Engqvist
(1994). Arch. Environ. Health 49:384-394.
(7944571) |
| Mercury concentrations in the urine of children
with and without amalgam fillings. Schulte et al.,
(1994). Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 104:1336-1340.
(7984991) |
| Mercury burden of human fetal and infant tissues.
G. Drasch , I. Schupp , H. Höfl ,
R. Reinke , G. Roider. European Journal of
Pediatrics. Volume 153 Issue 8 (1994) pp 607-610. |
| Amalgam tooth fillings and man's mercury burden.
Halbach (1994). Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 13:496-501.(7917507) |
| Long-term mercury excretion in urine after removal
of amalgam fillings. Begerow et. al., (1994). Int.
Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 66:209-212.(7814102) |
| Evaluation of the safety issue of mercury release
from dental fillings. Lorscheider and Vimy. (1993). FASEB
J. 7:1432-1433. (8262327) |
| The relationship between mercury concentration in
human organs and different predictor variables.
Weiner and Nylander (1993). Sci. Total Environ.
138:101-115. (8259485) |
| An in vitro and in vivo study of the release of
mercury vapor from different types of amalgam
alloys. Berglund (1993). J. Dent. Res. 72:939-946.(8501292) |
| Mercury release from amalgam into saliva. An
in-vitro study. Lussi (1993). Schweiz.
Monatsschr. Zahnmed. 103:722-726.(8322057) |
| Urinary mercury after administration of
2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid: correlation
with dental amalgam score. Aposhian et al., (1992). FASEB
J. 6:2472-2476. (1563599) |
| Mercury concentration in the mouth mucosa of
patients with amalgam fillings.
Willershausen-Zonnchen et. al., (1992). Dtsch.
Med. Wochenschr. 117:1743-1747.(1425293) |
| Side-effects: mercury contribution to body burden
from dental amalgam. Reinhardt (1992). Adv.
Dental Res. 6:110-113.(1292449) |
| Dental amalgam: the materials. Marshall and
Marshall (1992). Adv. Dent. Res. 6:94-99.(1292469) |
| Quantitation of total mercury vapor released
during dental procedures. Engle et. al., (1992). Dent.
Mater. 8:176-180.(1521706) |
| Daily dose calculations from measurements of
intra-oral mercury vapor. Olsson and Bergman (1992).
J. Dent. Res. 71:414-423.(1556301) |
| Mercury exposure of the population. IV. Mercury
exposure of male dentists, female dentists and
dental aides. Zander et. al., (1992). Zentralbl.
Hyg. Umweltmed. 193:318-328. (1290562) |
| The mercury exposure of the population. III.
Mercury mobilisation by DMPS (Dimaval) in subjects
with and without amalgam fillings. Zander et. al.,
(1992). Zentralbl. Hyg. Umweltmed. 192:447-454.(1554403) |
| Release of mercury vapor from dental amalgam.
Berglund (1992). Swed. Dent. J. Suppl. 85:1-52.(1475757) |
| Factors influencing mercury evaporation rate from
dental amalgam fillings. Bjorkman and Lind (1992). Scand.
J. Dent. Res. 100:354-360. (1465570) |
| Amalgam fillings-a considerable source of exposure
to heavy metals. Skare and Engqvist (1992). Lakartidningen
89:1299-1301. (1579001) |
| Daily dose estimates of mercury from dental
amalgams. Lorscheider and Vimy. (1991). J. Dent.
Res. 70:233-237. (1999563) |
| The dental amalgam issue. A review. Hanson and
Pleva (1991). Experientia 47:9-22.(1999251) |
| Toxicological assessment of amalgam components
released in immersion tests. Weiland and Nossek
(1991). Dtsch. Zahnarztl. Z. 46:547-550.(1817927) |
| Significance of hydrogen ion concentration on the
dissolution of mercury from dental amalgam. Soh et.
al., (1991). Quintesence Int. 22:225-228.(2068263) |
| Thermal effect on dissolution of mercury from two
dental amalgams. Soh et. al., (1991). J. Oral
Rehabil. 18:179-183.(2037941) |
| Long-term dissolution of mercury from a
non-mercury-releasing amalgam. Chew et. al., (1991).
Clin. Prev. Dent. 13:5-7.(1860296) |
| The mercury release of different amalgams in
vitro. Lussi and Schoenberg (1991). Schweiz
Monatsschr Zahnmed. 101:1405-1408.(1962164) |
| Whole-body imaging of the distribution of mercury
released from dental fillings into monkey tissues.
Hahn et al., (1990). FASEB J. 4:3256-3260.
(2227216) |
| Estimation by a 24-hour study of the daily dose of
intra-oral mercury vapor inhaled after release from
dental amalgam. Berglund (1990). J. Dent. Res.
69:1646-1651.(2212208) |
| Exposure to mercury in the population. I. Mercury
concentrations in the urine of normal subjects..
Zander et. al., (1990). Zentralbl. Hyg.
Umweltmed. 190:315-324. (2080963) |
| Exposure to mercury in the population. II. Mercury
release from amalgam fillings. Zander et. al.,
(1990). Zentralbl. Hyg. Umweltmed. 190:325-334.
(2080964) |
| Maternal-fetal distribution of mercury (203Hg)
released from dental amalgam fillings. Vimy et. al.,
(1990). Am. J. Physiol. 258:R939-R945.(2331037) |
| Mercury release of silver amalgams in vitro.
Hellwig et. al., (1990). Dtsch. Zahnarztl. Z.
45:17-19.(2257794) |
| Mercury release from amalgam: a study in vitro and
in vivo. Ahmed and Stannard (1990). Oper. Dent.
15:207-218.(2095533) |
| Mercury as a pollutant in the dental profession.
I. Its biological cycle, toxicity and monitoring.
Valerio et. al., (1990). Minerva Stomatol. 39:625-628.(2287331) |
| Mercury exposure of different origins among
dentists and dental nurses. Skare et al., (1990). Scand.
J. Work Environ. Health 16:340-347.
(2255875) |
| Mercury, selenium, and glutathione peroxidase
before and after amalgam removal in man. Molin et
al., (1990). Acta Odontol. Scand. 48:189-202.
(2368614) |
| The influence of dental amalgam placement on
mercury, selenium, and glutathione peroxidase in
man. Molin et al., (1990). Acta Odontol. Scand.
48:287-295. (2220337) |
| Dental "silver" tooth fillings: a source
of mercury exposure revealed by whole-body image
scan and tissue analysis. Hahn et al., (1989). FASEB
J. 3:2641-2646. (2636872) |
| Mercury vapor from dental amalgams, an intro
study. Derand (1989). Swed. Dent. J. 13:169-175.(2814828) |
| Dental "silver" tooth fillings: a source
of mercury exposure revealed by whole-body image
scan and tissue analysis. Hahn et. al., (1989). FASEB
J. 3:2641-2646.(2636872) |
| Dental amalgam: a review of the literature.
Eggleston (1989). Compendium 10:500-505.(2700133) |
| Comparison of release of mercury from three dental
amalgams. Chew et. al., (1989). Dent. Mater.
5:244-246.(2638267) |
| Dental amalgam and mercury. Aronsson et. al.,
(1989). Biol. Met. 2:25-30.(2485649) |
| Effect of admixed indium on mercury vapor release
from dental amalgam. Powell et. al., (1989). J.
Dent. Res. 68:1231-1233.(2632609) |
| Dissolution of metallic mercury in artificial
saliva and eleven other solutions. Takahashi
et. al., (1989). Dent. Mater. 5:256-259.(2638269) |
| Dental amalgam and mercury. Aronsson et al.,
(1989). Biol. Met. 2:25-30.
(2485649) |
| Prospective study on the mercury uptake of dental
students. Part 1: Increase in mercury excretion
during simulated training. Pieper et. al., (1989). Dtsch.
Zahnarztl. Z. 44:714-716.(2637853) |
| Determination of the rate of release of intra-oral
mercury vapor from amalgam. Berglund et. al.,
(1988). J. Dent. Res. 67:1235-1242.(3166008) |
| Mercury concentrations in the human brain and
kidneys in relation to exposure from dental amalgam
fillings. Nylander et. al., (1987). Swed. Dent.
J. 11:179-187.(3481133) |
| Examination of blood levels of mercurials in
practicing dentists using cold-vapor atomic
absorption spectrometry. Chang et. al., (1987). J.
Anal. Toxicol. 11:149-153.(3626527) |
| Potential health hazard of use of mercury in
dentistry: critical review of the literaure. Enwonw
(1987) Environ. Res. (1987). 42:257-274.(3542524) |
| Metal release from dental biomaterials. Brune
(1986). Biomaterials 7:163-175.(3521750) |
| Estimation of mercury body burden from dental
amalgam: computer stimulation of a metabolic
compartment model. Vimy et. al., (1986). J.
Dent. Res. 65:1415-1419.(3465771) |
| Intra-oral air mercury released from dental
amalgam. Vimy and Lorscheider (1985). J. Dent.
Res. 64:1069-1071. (3860538) |
| Serial measurements of intra-oral air mercury:
estimation of daily dose from dental amalgam. Vimy
and Lorscheider (1985). J. Dent. Res. 64:1072-1075.
(3860539) |
| A model for recording mercury relaease from an
amalgam surface. Brune (1985). Biomaterials
6:357-359.(4052550) |
| Man's mercury loading from a dental amalgam. Brune
and Evje (1985). Sci. Total Environ. 44:51-63.(4023695) |
| Initial corrosion of amalgams in vitro. Brune an
Evje (1984). Scand. J. Dent. Res. 92:165-171.(6585923) |
| Mercury toxicity and dental amalgam. Wolff et.
al., (1983). Neurotoxicology 4:201-204.(6361623) |
| Corrosion of amalgams. Brune (1981). Scand. J.
Dent. Res. 89:506-514.(6951250) |
| Release of mercury from amalgam fillings into
salival. Mayer and Diehl (1976). Dtsch.
Zahnarztl. Z. 31:855-859.(1068794) |
B.
Effects of Mercury Exposure Central Nervous
System
| Neurobehavioral effects from exposure to dental
amalgam Hg0: new distinctions between
recent exposure and Hg body burden. Echeverria D, et
al. (1998). FASEB J. 12:971-980.
(9707169) |
| Behavioral effects of low-level exposure to Hg0
among dental professionals: a cross-study evaluation
of psychomotor effects. Bittner et al., (1998). Neurotoxicol.
Teratol. 20:429-439. (9697969) |
| Behavioral effects of low-level exposure to
elemental Hg among dentists. Echeverria et al.,
(1995). Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 17:161-168.
(7760775) |
| Chronic neurobehavioural effects of elemental
mercury in dentists. Ngim et al., (1992). Br. J.
Ind. Med. 49:782-790. (1463679) |
| The relationship between mercury from dental
amalgam and mental health. Siblerud (1989). Am.
J. Psychother. 43:575-587. (2618948) |
| Chronic elemental mercury intoxication:
neuropsychological follow-up case study. Hua et al.,
(1996). Brain Inj. 10:377-384.
(8735667) |
| Mercury vapor inhalation inhibits binding of GTP
to tubulin in rat brain: similarity to a molecular
lesion in Alzheimer diseased brain. Pendergrass et.
al., (1997). Neurotoxicology 18:315-324.(9291481) |
| Inhibition of brain tubulin-guanosine
5'-triphosphate interactions by mercury: similarity
to observations in Alzheimer's diseased brain.
Pendergrass and Haley (1997). Met. Ions Biol.
Sys. 34:461-478.(9046580) |
| Increased blood mercury levels in patients with
Alzheimer's diseases. Hock et. al., (1998). J.
Neural. Transm. 105:59-68.(9588761) |
| Metals and trace elements in plasma and
cerebrospinal fluid in normal aging and Alzheimer's
disease. Basun et. al., (1991). J. Neural Transm.
Park. Dis. Dement. Sect. 3:231-258.(1772577) |
| Brain trace elements in Alzheimer's disease.
Ehmann et. al., (1986). Neurotoxicology 7:195-206.(3714121) |
| Regional brain trace-element studies in
Alzheimer's disease. Thompson et. al., (1988).
Neurotoxicology 9:1-7.(3393299) |
| Trace element imbalances in isolated subcellular
fractions of Alzheimer's disease brains. Wenstrup
et. al., (1990). Brain Res. 533:125-131.(2085723) |
| Trace element imbalances in hair and nails of
Alzheimer's diseases patients. Vance et. al.,
(1988). Neurotoxicology 9:197-208.(3205430) |
| Imbalances of trace elements related to oxidative
damage in Alzheimer's disease brain. Cornett et.
al., (1998). Neurotoxicology 19:339-345.(9621340) |
| Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings
may be an etiological factor in multiple sclerosis.
Siblerud and Kienholz (1994). Sci. Total
Environ. 15:191-205. (8191275) |
| A comparison of mental health of multiple
sclerosis patients with silver/mercury dental
fillings and those with fillings removed. Siblerud
(1992). Psychol. Rep. 70:1139-1151.(1496084) |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after accidental
injection of mercury. Schwarz et al., (1996). J.
Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 60:698.
(8648348) |
| Relationship between exposure to environmental
toxins and motor neuron disease: a case report.
Vanacore et al., (1995). Med. Lav. 86:522-533.
(8815363) |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and
mercury-preliminary report. Mano et. al., (1990). Rinsho
Shinkeigaku 30:1275-1277.(2085936) |
| Trace element imbalances in amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis. Khare et. al., (1990). Neurotoxicology
11:521-532.(2284056) |
| Mercury in hair of patients with ALS. Mano et.
al., (1989). Rinsho Shinkeigaku 29:844-848.(2805505) |
| Mercury intoxication simulating amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis. Adams et al., (1983). JAMA
250:642-643. (722351) |
| Inorganic mercury intoxication reminiscent of
amyotrophic laterial sclerosis. Barber (1978). J.
Occup. Med. 20:667-669. (722351) |
| The enigma of parkinsonism in chronic boderline
mercury intoxication, resolved by challenge with
pencillamine. Finkelstein et al., (1996).
Neurotoxicology 17:291-295. (8784840) |
| Toxicological and neurophysiological findings in
patients presenting to an environmental toxicology
service. Koppel and Fahron (1995). J. Toxicol.
Clin. Toxicol. 33:625-629.(8523483) |
| Imbalances of trace elements related to oxidative
damage in Alzheimer's diseases brain. Cornett et.
al., (1998). Neurotoxicology 19:339-345.(9621340) |
| Demonstration of mercury in the human brain and
other organs 17 years after metallic mercury
exposure. Opitz et al., (1996). Clin.
Neuropathol. 15:139-144. (8793247) |
| Entry of low doses of mercury vapor into the
central nervous system. Pamphlett and Coote (1998). Neurotoxicology
19:39-47.(9498219) |
| Acute and chronic neuropsychological consequences
of mercury vapor poisoning in two elderly
adolescents. Yeates and Mortensen (1994). J.
Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 16:209-222.(8021308) |
| Psychometric evidence that mercury from silver
dental fillings may be an etiological factor in
depression, excessive anger, and anxiety. Siblerud
et al., (1994). Psychol. Rep. 74:67-80.
(8153237) |
| Behavioral consequences of in-utero exposure to
mercury vapor. Newland et al., (1996). Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 139:374-386. |
| Behavioral effects of neonatal
metallic mercury exposure in rats. Frederickson et.
al., (1992). Toxicology 74:151-160.(1519238) |
| Effect of subchronic mercury exposure on
electrocorticogram of rats. Desi et al., (1996). Neurotoxicology
17:719-723. (9086494) |
| Neurological abnormalities associated with remote
occupational elemental mercury exposure. Albers et.
al., (1988). Ann. Neurol. 24:651-659.(2849369) |
| Psychological effects of low exposure to mercury
vapor: application of a computer-administered
neurobehavioral evaluation systerm. Liang et al.,
(1993). Environ. Res. 60:320-327.(8472661) |
| Uptake of inorganic mercury in the olfactory bulbs
via olfactory pathways in rats. Henriksson and
Tjalve (1998). Environ. Res. 77:130-140.(9600806) |
| A stereological study of dorsal root ganglion
cells and nerve root fibers from rats exposed to
mercury vapor. Schionning et al., (1998) Acta
Neuropathol. 96:185-190.(9705135) |
| Mercury in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
and median eminence after mercury vapor exposure.
Ernst et al., (1993). Exp. Mol. Pathol.
58:205-214. (8519347) |
| Detection of mercury in rat spinal cord and dorsal
root ganglia after exposure to mercury vapor.
Schionning et al., (1993). Exp. Mol. Pathol.
58:215-228.(((8519348)) |
| Oxidative damage to nucleic acids in motor
neurons containing mercury. Pamphlett et al.,
(1998). J. Neurol. Sci. 159:121-126.
(9741394) |
| Pathological changes in the Brown Norway rat
cerebellum after mercury vapour exposure. Hua et
al., (1995). Toxicology 104:83-90.
(8560505) |
| The effect of mercury vapour on cholinergic
neurons in the fetal brain: studies on the
expression of Nerve Growth Factor and its low- and
high- affinity receptors. Sodestrom et al.,
(1995). Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 85:96-108. |
| Mercury distribution in cortical areas and fiber
systems of the neonatal and maternal adult
cerebrum after exposure of pregnant squirrel
monkeys to mercury vapor. Warfvinge et al.,
(1994). Environ. Res. 67:196-208. |
| Metallothionein induction in fetal rat brain and
neonatal primary astrocyte cultures by in utero
exposure to elemental mercury vapor (Hg0).
Aschner et al., (1997). Brain Res. 778:222-232.
(9462895) |
| An epidemiologic study of the relation between
symptomss of fatigue, dental amalgam and other
factors. Michel et. al., (1989). Swed. Dent. J.
13:33-38.(2734698) |
| Does mercury from amalgam restorations
constitute a health hazard. Weiner et al., (1990).
Sci. Total Environ. 99:1-22.(2270464) |
C.
Effects of Mercury Exposure on Reproduction and
Development
| Disposition of inhaled mercury vapor in pregnant
rats: maternal toxicity and effects on
developmental outcome. Morgan DL, Chanda SM, Price
HC, Fernando R, Liu J, Brambila E, O'Connor RW,
Beliles RP, Barone S Jr. Toxicol Sci 2002
Apr;66(2):261-73. (11896293) |
| Maternal-fetal distribution of mercury (203Hg)
released from dental amalgam fillings. Vimy et.
al., (1990). Am. J. Physiol. 258:R939-R945.(2331037) |
| Maternal amalgam and prenatal mercury exposure.
Halbach and Summer (1995). Eur. J. Pediatr.
154:498-499. (7671951) |
| Mercury burden of human fetal and infant
tissues. Drasch et al., (1994). Eur. J.
Pediatr. 153:607-610. (7957411) |
| Maternal-fetal transfer of metallic mercury via
the placenta and milk. Yang et al., (1997). Ann.
Clin. Lab. Sci. 27:135-141. |
| Concentrations of heavy metal in maternal and
umbilical cord blood. Ong et al., (1993). Biometals
6:61-66. |
| Concentration of mercury, cadmium and lead in
brain and kidney of second trimester fetuses and
infants. Lutz et. al., (1996). J. Trace Elem.
Med. Biol. 10:61-67.(8829128) |
| Distribution of mercury in guinea pigs offspring
after in utero exposure to mercury vapor during
late gestation. Yoshida et al., (1986). Arch.
Toxicol. 58:225-228. |
| Dental amalgam and pregnancy. Drasch and Roider
(1995). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 55:63-65.
(7657132) |
| The effect of occupational exposure to mercury
vapour on the fertility of female dental
assistants. Rowland et al., (1994). Occup.
Environ. Med. 51:28-34.(8124459) |
| Environmental pollutants and fertility
disorders. Heavy metals and minerals. Gerhard and
Runnebaum (1992). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd
52:383-396. (1499949) |
| Heavy metals and fertility. Gerhard et al.,
(1998). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54:593-611.
(9726782) |
| Impact of heavy metals on hormonal and
immunological factors in women with repeated
miscarriages. Gerhard et al., (1998). Hum.
Reprod. Update 4:301-309. (9741713) |
| Prenatal coexposure to metallic mercury vapour
and methylmercury produce interactive behavioural
changes in adult rats. Fredriksson et. al.,
(1996). Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 18:129-134.(8709923) |
| Behavioural effects of prenatal metallic mercury
inhalation exposure in rats. Danielsson et. al.,
(1993). Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 15:391-396.(8302240) |
| Behavioural effects of neonatal metallic mercury
exposure in rats. Fredriksson et. al., (1992). Toxicology
74:151-160.(1519238) |
| Behavioral consequences of in utero exposure to
mercury vapor: alterations in lever-press
durations and learning in squirrel monkeys.
Newland et. al., (1996). Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 139:374-386.(8806855) |
| Mercury distribution in cortical areas and fiber
systems of the neonatal and maternal adult
cerebrum after exposure of pregnant squirrel
monkeys to mercury vapor. Warfvinge et al.,
(1994). Environ. Res. 67:196-208.
(7982394) |
| Distribution of mercury in guinea pig offspring
after in utero exposure to mercury vapor during
late gestation. Yoshida et al., (1986). Arch.
Toxicol. 58:225-228. (3718224) |
| Effect of inorganic mercury on in vitro
placental nutrient transfer and oxygen
consumption. Urbach et. al., (1992). Reprod.
Toxicol. 6:69-75.(1562801) |
| In vitro effect of mercury on enzyme activities
and its accumulation in the first-trimester human
placenta. Boadi et. al., (1992). Environ. Res.
57:96-106.(1740099) |
| In vitro effect of mercury on aryl hydrocarbon
hydroxylase, quinone reductase,
catecholamine-O-methyltransferase and
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in
term human placenta. Boadi et. al., (1991). Pharmacol.
Toxicol. 68:317-321.(1946176) |
| Toxic effects on embryos derived from amalgam
restorations containing mercury. West German
considerations. Strubelt et. al., (1989). Tandlakartidningen
81:283-290.(2623622) |
| Breast-feeding exposure of infants to cadmium,
lead, and mercury: a public health viewpoint.
Abadin et al., (1997). Toxicol. Ind. Health 13:495-517.
(9249931) |
| Total and inorganic mercury in breast milk in
relation to fish consumption and amalgam in
lactating women. Oskarsson et al., (1996). Arch.
Environ. Health 51:234-241.
(8687245) |
| Exposure to toxic elements via breast milk.
Oskarsson et al., (1995). Analyst 120:765-770.
(7741226) |
| The mercury concentration in breast milk
resulting from amalgam fillings and dietary
habits. Drexler and Schaller (1998). Environ.
Res. 77:124-129.(9600805) |
| Mercury in human colostrum and early breast
milk. Its dependence on dental amalgam and
other factors. Drasch et. al., (1998). J.
Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 12:23-27.(9638609) |
| Exposure to mercury via breast milk in suckling
offspring of maternal guinea pigs exposed to
mercury vapor after parturition. Yoshida et. al.,
(1992). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 35:135-139.(1542135) |
| Milk transfer and tissue uptake of mercury in
suckling offspring after exposure of lactating
maternal guinea pigs to inorganic or methylmercury.
Yoshida et. al., (1994). Arch. Toxicol. 68:174-178.(8024464) |
| Kinetics of methylmercury and inorganic mercury
in lactating and nonlactating mice. Sundberg et
al., (1998). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 151:319-329.
(9707508) |
| Occupational mercury vapour exposure and
testicular, pituitary and thyroid endocrine
function. McGregor and Mason (1991). Hum. Exp.
Toxicol. 10:199-203.(1678950) |
| Paternal exposure to mercury and spontaneous
abortions. Cordier et. al., (1991). Br. J.
Ind. Med. 48:375-381.(2064975) |
| Effect of organic and inorganic mercury on human
sperm motility. Ernst and Lauritsen (1991). Pharmacol.
Toxicol. 68:440-444.(1653954) |
| Autometallographic detection of mercury in
testicular tissue of an infertile man exposed to
mercury vapor. Keck et al., (1993). Reprod.
Toxicol. 7:469-475. (8274823)
|
| Hong Kong male subfertility links to mercury in
human hair and fish. Dickman et al., (1998). Sci.
Total Environ. 214:165-174. (9646524) |
D.
Amalgam Mercury, Antibiotic Resistant
Bacteria and Immune System Impairment
| Antibiotic resistance in oral/respiratory
bacteria. Roberts (1998). Crit. Rev. Oral
Biol. Med. 9:522-540.
(9825225) |
| The dental amalgam mercury controversy-inorganic
mercury and the CNS; genetic linkage of mercury
and antibiotic resistances in intestinal bacteria.
Lorscheider et al., (1995). Toxicology 97:19-22.
(7716785) |
| Mercury released from dental "silver"
fillings provokes an increase in mercury- and
antibiotic -resistant bacteria in oral and
intestinal floras of primates. Summers et. al.,
(1993). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:825-834.(8280208) |
| Resistance of the normal human microflora to
mercury and antimicrobials after exposure to
mercury from dental amalgam fillings. Edlund et.
al., (1996). Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:944-950.(8783691) |
| The impact of mercury released from dental
"silver" fillings on antibiotic
resistances in the primate oral and intestinal
bacterial flora. Liebert et. al., (1997). Met.
Ions Biol. Syst. 34:441-460.
(9046579) |
| The resistance and adaptation of selected oral
bacteria to mercury and its impact on their
growth. Lyttle and Bowden (1993). J. Dent.
Res. 72:1325-1330. (768900) |
| Effects of mercury on the immune system. Pollard
and Hultman. (1997). Met. Ions Biol. Sys.
34:421-440.(9046578) |
| Dental amalgam and antibiotic resistance-an
association? Editorial (1997). Sci. Prog.
80:103-106.(9263508) |
| Antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacteria of
oral and upper respiratory origin. Roberts (1998).
Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 9:255-267.(9573495) |
| Effects of occupational exposure to mercury
vapors on T-cell and NK-cell populations.
Moszczynski et al., (1996). Arch. Med. Res. 27:503-507.
(8987185) |
| Cloning of mercury-resistance gene from R-plasmid
in Escherichia coli isolated from dental hospital
sewage. Arii and Abiko (1989). Gen. Pharmacol.
20:609-614.(2691324) |
| Heavy metal resistance in clinical isolates of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vasishta et. al., (1989). Folia
Microbiol. (Praha.) 34:448-452.(2517120) |
| Loss of mercury from amalgam fillings and
abnormal oral bacterial flora as a cause of
periodontal disease. Till (1978). ZWR 87:1076-1083.(282721) |
| Study of the horizontal transfer of mercury
resistance genes in natural populations of
bacteria using antibodies to mercury reductases.
Bogdanova et. al., (1988). Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol.
Virusol. 12:16-23.(3150770) |
| Does amalgam affect the immune system? A
controversial issue. Enestrom and Hultman (1995).
Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 106:180-203.
(7888781) |
| Effects of mercury on the immune system. Pollard
and Hultman (1997). Met. Ions Biol. Syst.
34:421-440. (9046578) |
| Activation of the immune system and systemic
immune-complex deposits in Brown Norway rats with
dental amalgam restorations. Hultman et. al.,
(1998). J. Dent. Res. 77:1415-1425.(9649170) |
| Adverse immunological effects and autoimmunity
induced by dental amalgam and alloy in mice.
Hultman et al., (1994). FASEB J. 8:1183-1190.(7958626) |
| Localized cellular inflammatory responses to
subcutaneously implanted dental mercury. Nadarajah
et. al., (1996). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health
49:113-125.(8874531) |
| Cellular inflammatory responses to implanted
dental materials. Nadarajah et. al., (1996). J.
Prosthet. Dent. 75:552-561.(8709023) |
| In vitro effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)
on human mononuclear cells. Loftenius et. al.,
(1997). Clin. Exp. Immunol. 110:418-422.(9409645) |
| Cytotoxicity and accumulation of Hg, Ag, Cd, Cu,
Pb, and Zn in human peripheral T and B lyphocytes
and monocytes in vitro. Steffenson et. al.,
(1994). Gen. Pharmacol. 25:1621-1633.(7721038) |
| Immunotoxic effects of mercuric compounds on
human lymphocytes and monocytes. I. Suppression of
T-cell activation. Shenker et. al., (1992). Immunopharmacol.
Immunotoxicol. 14:539-553.(1517533) |
| Immunotoxic effects of mercuric compounds on
human lymphocytes and monocytes. II. Alterations
in cell viability. Shenker et. al., (1992). Immunopharmacol.
Immunotoxicol. 14:555-577.(1517534) |
| Immunotoxic effects of mercuric compounds on
human lymphocytes and monocytes. III. Alterations
in B-cell function. Shenker et. al., (1993). Immunopharmacol.
Immunotoxicol. 15:87-112.(8450183) |
| Immunotoxic effects of mercuric compounds on
human lymphocytes and monocytes. IV. Alterations
in cellular glutathione content. Shenker et. al.,
(1993). Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 15:273-290.
(8349953) |
| Immunotoxicology of cadmium and mercury on
B-lymphocytes I. Effects on lymphocyte function.
Daum et al., (1993). Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 15:383-394.
(7685007) |
| In vitro effects of mercuric chloride
(HgCl2) on human mononuclear cells.
Loftenius et. al., (1997). Clin. Exp. Immunol.
110:418-422.(9409645) |
| Effects of mercury on human polymorphonuclear
leukocyte function in vitro. Contrino et. al.,
(1988). Am. J. Pathol. 132:110-118.(3394794) |
| Low levles of mercury inhibit the respiratory
burst in human polymorphnuclear leukocytes.
Malamud et. al., (1985). Biochem. Biophys.
Res. Commun. 128:1145-1151.(2988529) |
| Parameters of immunity acute phase reaction in
men in relation to exposure duration to mercury
vapours. Moszczynski et. al., (1991). J. Hyg.
Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol. 35:351-360.(1725175) |
| The level of mercury in human dental plaque and
interactions in vitro between biofilms of
Streptococcus mutans and dental amalgam. Little
and Bowden (1993). J. Dent. Res. 72:1320-1324.(8360382) |
| Acute exposure to mercury from amalgam: no
short-time effect on the peripheral blood
lymphocytes in healthy individuals. Loftenius et
al., (1998). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54:547-560.
(9726779) |
| Methylation of mercury from dental amalgam and
mercuric chloride by oral streptococci in vitro.
Heintze et. al., (1983). Scand. J. Dent. Res.
91:150-152.(6222462) |
| Mercury sensitization induced by environmental
exposure. Mori et al., (1998). Nippon
Eisenigaku Zasshi 52:661-666.(9528265) |
| An epidemiological study of factors relating to
mercury sensitization. Sato et al., (1995). Arerugi
44:86-92. (7726753) |
E.
Toxic Effects of Mercury Released
from Dental Amalgam Restorations
and Endodontic Filling Materials.
| Toxicity assessment of mercury vapor from dental
amalgams. Goering et. al., (1992). Fundam.
Appl. Toxicol. 19:319-329.(1360929) |
| The future of dental amalgam: a review of the
literature. Part 6: Posssible harmful effects of
mercury from dental amalgam. Eley (1997). Br.
Dent. J. 182:455-459.(9231518) |
| Documented clinical side-effects to dental
amalgam. Ziff (1992). Adv. Dent. Res. 6:131-134.(1292453) |
| Evaluation of the safety issue of mercury
release from dental fillings. Lorscheider and Vimy
(1993). FASEB J. 7:1432-1433.(8262327) |
| Mercury neurotoxicity: mechanisms of blood-brain
barrier transport. Aschner and Aschner (1990). Neurosci.
Biobehav. Rev. 14:169-176.(2190116) |
| The toxicology of mercury. Clarkson (1997). Crit.
Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 34:369-403.(9288445) |
| Cytotoxicity of amalgams, alloys, and their
elements and phases. Kaga et. al., (1991). Dent.
Mater. 7:68-72.(2016001) |
| Cytotoxic effects of restorative materials on
early passage cultured cells derived from human
gingiva. Yamagata and Oshima (1990). Shika
Zairyo Kikai 9:541-554.(2134820) |
| Cytotoxicity of amalgams. Kaga et. al., (1988). J.
Dent. Res. 67:1221-1224.(3166005) |
| Correlation of cytotoxicity with element release
from mercury- and gallium-based dental alloys in
vitro. Wataha et. al., (1994). Dent. Mater.
10:298-303. (7498590) |
| Cytotoxicity of gallium and indium ions compared
with mercuric ion. Chandler et. al., (1994). J.
Dent. Res. 73:1554-1559.(7929991) |
| Quantitative evaluation by measuring affected
area for cytotoxicity of dental materials. Kaga et
al., (1990). Shika Zairyo Kikai 9:591-599.(2134824) |
| The mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity in
cultured human oral fibroblasts: the involvement
of cellular thiols. Liu et. al., (1992). Chem.
Biol. Interact. 85:69-78.(1458551) |
| Toxic effects of various retrograde root
fillings materials on gingival fibroblasts and rat
sarcoma cells. Peltola et. al., (1992). Endod.
Dent. Traumatol. 8:120-124.(1289070) |
| In vitro testing of dental materials by means of
macrophage cultures: II. Effects of particulate
dental amalgams and their constituent phases on
cultured macrophages. Syrjanen et. al., (1986). J.
Biomed. Mater. Res. 20:1125-1138.(3782175) |
| Cytotoxicity of endodontic materials. Osorio et.
al., (1998). J. Endod. 24:91-96.(9641138) |
| Cytotoxicity of retrofill materials. Bruce et.
al., (1993). J. Endod. 19:288-292.
(8228748) |
| Corrosion products from dental alloys and
effects of mercuric and cupric ions on a
neuroeffector system. Moberg (1985). Swed.
Dent. J. Suppl. 29:1-51.(3866332) |
| Development of low- and high-serum culture
conditions for use of human oral fibroblasts in
toxicity testing of dental materials. Liu et. al.,
(1991). J. Dent. Res. 70:1068-1073.(2066489) |
| A possible case of mercury-related toxicity
resulting from the grinding of old amalgam
restorations. Taskinen et. al., (1989). Scand.
J. Work Environ. Health 15:302-304.(2772585) |
F.
Toxic Effects of Mercury on the Cardiovascular
System
| Marked elevation of myocardial trace elements in
idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy compared with
secondary cardiac dysfunction. Frustaci et al.,
(1999). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 33:1578-83.
(10334427) |
| Intake of Mercury From Fish, Lipid Peroxidation,
and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and
Coronary, Cardiovascular, and Any Death in Eastern
Finnish Men. Jukka et al.,
(1995) Circulation. 91:645-655. (91/3/645) |
| Effects of mercury on the isolated heart muscle
are prevented by DTT and cysteine. Vassallo et
al., (1999). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 156:113-118.
(10198276) |
| The chamber exposure of laboratory rats to metal
oxides originating from metal producing industry.
Kovacikova and Chorvatovicova (1997). Physiol.
Res. 46:41-45. (9728520) |
| Mercury effects on the contractile activity of
isolated heart muscle. Oliveira et al., (1994). Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 128:86-91. (8079358) |
| Mercury compounds: lipophilicity and toxic
effects on isolated myocardial tissue. Halbach
(1990). Arch. Toxicol. 64:315-319.
(2386431) |
| The relationship between mercury from dental
amalgam and the cardiovascular disease. Siblerud
(1990). Sci. Total Environ. 99:23-35.
(2270468) |
| Hemodynamic and electrophysiological effects of
mercury in intact anesthetized rabbits and in
isolated perfused hearts. Rhee and Choi (1989). Exp.
Mol. Pathol. 50:281-290. (2721650) |
| Cardiovascular homeostasis in rats chronically
exposed to mercuric chloride. Carmignani and
Boscolo (1984). Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 7:383-388.
(6596006) |
| Mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation
following chronic exposure of male rats to
inorganic mercury. Carmignani et al.,
(1983). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 69:442-450.
(6879611) |
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Dental
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